临床上将听力障碍分为两类:传导性耳聋和神经性(感音性)耳聋。传导性耳聋是指外耳道至中耳的“鼓膜-听骨链”系统损害引起的听力下降;神经性耳聋属于感音器病变,是指内耳中的耳蜗或听神经至听觉中枢有关的神经传导径路损害,导致听力减退或消失,也称为感音性耳聋。前者声波还可由颅骨通过骨传导传至内耳引起感觉,后者因神经损害,听力均减弱或丧失。耳鸣是自觉的听到耳内有响声,是耳蜗神经干或神经末梢的刺激性病变。目前多数学者也主张归类于听力障碍范围。...
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