脊髓灰质炎(poliomyelitis,以下简称polio)又名小儿麻痹症,是由脊髓灰质炎病毒引起的一种急性传染病。临床表现主要有发热、咽痛和肢体疼痛,部分病人可发生弛缓性麻痹。流行时以隐匿感染和无瘫痪病例为多,儿童发病较成人为高,普种疫苗前尤以婴幼儿患病为多,故又称小儿麻痹症(Infantileparalysis)。其主要病变在脊髓灰质,损害严重者可有瘫痪后遗症。自50年代末普遍采用疫苗预防本病后,其发病率已大大下降,天花于70年代被消灭后,小儿麻痹症已定为本世纪末下一个被...
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