低渗性脱水是指水和钠同时缺失,但缺水少于缺钠,血清钠低于正常范围,细胞外液呈低渗状态。机体减少抗利尿激素的分泌,使水在肾小管内的再吸收减少,尿量排出增多,以提高细胞外液的渗透压。但细胞外液量反更减少。组织间液进入血液血环,虽能部分地补偿血容量,但使组织间液的减少更超过血浆的减少。面临循环血量的明显减少,机体将不再顾及到渗透压而尽量保持血容量。肾素-醛固酮系统兴奋,使肾减少排钠,Cl-和水的再吸收增加。故尿中氯化钠含量明显降低。血容量下降又会刺激垂体后叶,使抗利尿激素分泌增多,...
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