咯血(hemoptysis)是指喉部以下的呼吸器官出血经咳嗽动作从口腔排出咯血首先须与口腔、咽、鼻出血鉴别口腔与咽部出血易观察到局部出血灶。鼻腔出血多从前鼻孔流出，常在鼻中隔前下方发现出血灶诊断较易。有时鼻腔后部出血量较多，可被误诊为咯血如用鼻咽镜检查见血液从后鼻孔沿咽壁下流，即可确诊。大量咯血还须与呕血(上消化道出血)相鉴别前者常有肺结核支气管扩张肺癌心脏病等病史，出血前有咳嗽、喉部痒感胸闷感，咯出血液为鲜红色，混有泡沫痰一般无柏油样便;后者常有消化性溃疡肝硬化等病史出血前...
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