心脏损伤常发生于“心脏损伤的危险区”(上界起自锁骨、下界至肋弓、两侧外界为乳头线)，受到开放性或闭合性损伤。因此，常分为贯穿性损伤和非贯穿性损伤。心脏贯穿性损伤大多是由于枪弹、弹片、尖刀等锐器穿入所致，少数可因胸骨或肋骨折断猛烈向内移位穿刺所引起，此外尚有心血管外科手术或侵入性导管检查或造影等所致的医源性损伤。损伤的心脏部位依次是右心室、左心室、右心房、左心房等。主要表现为心包填塞和/或出血性休克，两者有所侧重。诊断一般不难。任何胸壁心脏危险区的贯穿伤，以及颈根部、上腹部、胸...
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