水过多是指机体摄入或输入水过多,以致水在体内潴留,引起血液渗透压下降和循环血量增多,又称“水中毒”或稀释性低钠血症。水中毒发生较少,仅在抗利尿激素分泌过多或肾功能不全的情况下,机体摄入水分过多或接受过多的静脉输液,才造成水在体内蓄积,导致水中毒。根据水中毒发生的快慢,有急性和慢性水中毒的区分。通常在急、慢性肾功能衰竭患者,其肾小球滤过率显著减少致排水功能大大降低,这种患者水负荷稍有所增加,就可能很快发生严重的水中毒,称为急性水中毒。...
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