胸膜腔内同时有积液和积气称为液气胸。支气管胸膜瘘、外伤、手术后及胸腔穿刺术后均可产生液气胸。可分为游离性液气胸及包裹性液气胸两种。胸膜下气肿泡可为先天性,也可为后天性;前者系先天性弹力纤维发育不良肺泡壁弹性减退,扩张后形成肺大泡,多见于瘦长型男性肺部X线检查无明显疾病,后者较常见于阻塞性气胸或炎症后纤维病灶的基础上,细支气谈判半阻塞扭曲,产生活瓣机制而形成气肿泡,胀大的气肿泡因营养循环障碍而退行变性,以致在咳嗽或肺内压增高时破裂。...
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