由于高度近视眼球壁后部向后凸出,视神经斜向进入球内。视乳头一侧(大多数为颞侧)向后移位,使视乳头在检眼镜下失去正常的略呈竖椭圆形而成显著的竖(或横向、斜向(椭圆形,甚至如簸箕状。与其向后移位侧相连接处,有新月形斑,称为近视弧(conus,或伸展性近视弧,extensiveconus)。近视弧在近视眼中是最常见的眼底变化。最小的不易看出,大的可达视盘大小。有的围绕视盘,甚者可达到黄斑区。近视弧如不侵及黄斑区,对视力影响不大;侵犯黄斑者,视力(包括近视力)显著下降。一般地说,难以...
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