肺不张系指一个或多个肺段或肺叶的容量或含气量减少。由于肺泡内气体吸收，肺不张通常伴有受累区域的透光度降低，邻近结构(支气管、肺血管、肺间质)向不张区域聚集，有时可见肺泡腔实变，其他肺组织代偿性气肿。肺不张可分为先天性或后天获得性两种。先天性肺不张是指婴儿出生时肺泡内无气体充盈，临床上有严重的呼吸困难与发绀，患儿多在出生后死于严重的缺氧。...
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